These descriptions are not intended to substitute legal definitions. For authenticity, consult a Real Estate Professional or Attorney.
Title Terminology
A summary of all the recorded documents and transactions related to a property, including deeds, mortgages, liens, and other encumbrances.
A provision in the promissory note that allows the lender to declare the entire outstanding loan amount due and payable immediately upon the occurrence of a specific event, such as default by the borrower.
The interest that has accumulated on a loan or debt but has not been paid. Accrued interest may be calculated daily, monthly, or based on the terms of the loan. It is typically paid by the borrower at specified intervals or when the loan is repaid.
A formal declaration made at the conclusion of a deed, serving to validate the document's authenticity. The act of "acknowledgment" in relation to a deed typically signifies that the concerned party personally appeared before a designated official, such as a notary public, to affirm the genuineness of their signature and acknowledge their understanding of the deed's contents.
The value of damaged property or assets, taking into account depreciation. Actual cash value coverage reimburses the HOA for the cost of the property at the time of the loss, considering its age and condition.
A type of rider that adds, modifies, or supplements provisions in a contract. It may include additional terms, conditions, or changes to the original agreement.
An Adjustable-Rate Mortgage (ARM) is a type of mortgage loan that features an initially fixed interest rate for a specific period, typically ranging from several months to a few years. After this initial fixed-rate period, the interest rate adjusts periodically based on changes in a designated financial index, such as the prime rate or the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR). As a result, the monthly payments can fluctuate, either increasing or decreasing, over time.
The date on which the interest rate or mortgage payment can change, typically associated with an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM). The adjustment date determines when the interest rate is recalculated based on changes in the index or other factors specified in the loan terms.
The interval at which the variable interest rate can adjust. For example, a 1-year ARM would have an adjustment period of one year, meaning the interest rate can change annually.
A document signed by the seller or grantor of a property, stating that they have legal ownership and that there are no undisclosed liens or claims against the property.
An assessment of a buyer's financial capability to purchase a home. It examines income, liabilities, and available funds, while taking into account factors such as mortgage type, desired location, and estimated closing costs. The analysis determines if the buyer can afford the home purchase.
The agent/attorney-in-fact is the person authorized to act on behalf of the principal under a power of attorney. This legal arrangement allows the agent to make decisions and conduct transactions on behalf of the principal. The agent has a fiduciary duty to act in the best interest of the principal and must handle their responsibilities with integrity and care.
A type of rider that alters, modifies, or changes specific provisions of a contract without invalidating the entire agreement.
The gradual repayment of a mortgage loan through regular installments, which includes both the principal and interest amounts.
A table or document that details the repayment plan for the loan, showing the breakdown of each payment into principal and interest over the term of the note.
A meeting held once a year where homeowners gather to discuss and vote on important matters related to the HOA, such as electing board members, approving the annual budget, and discussing community issues.
The Annual Percentage Rate (APR) represents the total cost of borrowing, including the interest rate and additional fees expressed as an annual rate. It is essential for borrowers to consider the APR when comparing different loan offers, as it provides a more accurate picture of the overall cost of the loan.
A fee charged by the lender to cover the costs associated with processing a mortgage application. The application fee may include the credit check, appraisal, and other administrative expenses related to evaluating the borrower's eligibility and assessing the property.
An evaluation conducted by a professional appraiser to determine the value of the property being financed.
The estimated value of a property determined by a professional appraiser. The appraised value is based on factors such as the property's condition, location, comparable sales, and market conditions.
In the context of property, appreciation pertains to the rise in the value of a real estate asset over time. Various factors, such as property improvements and market conditions, can influence the appreciation of real estate assets.
The periodic fees or dues paid by homeowners to the HOA to cover the costs of maintaining and operating the common areas, amenities, and services within the community.
An asset is anything of value owned by an individual or entity. It can include properties, investments, cash, and other possessions.
The party who receives the ownership rights of the mortgage through an assignment of mortgage. The assignee becomes the new holder of the mortgage and assumes the rights and responsibilities associated with it.
The rights acquired by the assignee upon receiving the assignment of mortgage. These rights include the right to receive payments from the borrower, the right to foreclose on the property in case of default, and the right to enforce the terms of the mortgage.
A legal document that transfers the ownership rights of a mortgage from one party (assignor) to another (assignee). The assignment typically includes the transfer of both the mortgage note and the lien on the property.
The party who currently holds the mortgage and transfers the ownership rights to another party through an assignment of mortgage.
The feature of a mortgage loan that allows a buyer to take over the existing mortgage terms and conditions when purchasing a property from the current owner. The buyer assumes the remaining loan balance, interest rate, and repayment terms.
A fee charged by the lender when a buyer assumes an existing mortgage. The assumption fee covers the administrative costs associated with transferring the loan to the new borrower.
The remaining amount of a loan or debt that is yet to be repaid.
A financial statement that provides a snapshot of an entity's assets, liabilities, and net worth at a specific date.
A mortgage with regular monthly payments for a specified period, usually several years, followed by a large final payment (balloon payment) that pays off the remaining principal.
A balloon payment is the final lump-sum payment due at the end of a balloon mortgage term. During the mortgage term, the borrower typically makes smaller regular payments, but at the end of the term, they must make the large balloon payment to satisfy the loan.
A legal process conducted in U.S. District Court where the assets of a debtor who is unable or unwilling to pay their debts are utilized by a court-appointed officer to satisfy creditor claims.
A type of deed that implies that the grantor holds the property and has the right to convey it, but it does not provide any warranties or guarantees.
The lender in a deed of trust who is entitled to receive repayment of the loan and has the right to foreclose on the property if the borrower defaults.
A gift of personal property specified in a will.
The legal document used to transfer or convey ownership of personal property.
A written agreement for temporary insurance coverage until a formal policy is issued.
The amount that the borrower pays every two weeks towards their mortgage. Biweekly payments are typically half the monthly payment amount.
A mortgage payment plan in which the borrower makes payments every two weeks instead of the traditional monthly payments. With biweekly payments, the borrower makes 26 half payments per year, which is equivalent to 13 full monthly payments.
Some lenders charge a fee to set up and administer a biweekly payment plan. The fee covers the additional administrative costs associated with processing more frequent payments.
In the context of a subdivision or city planning, a block is a larger area of land that is divided into lots. Blocks are typically bounded by streets or other features.
A group of individuals elected by the members of the HOA to oversee its operations, make decisions, and enforce the CC&Rs. The board is responsible for managing finances, organizing meetings, and ensuring compliance with the association's rules.
The individual or entity that receives the loan and is responsible for repaying it according to the agreed terms. The borrower is also known as the mortgagor.
A second trust that allows the borrower to use the proceeds from their current home to purchase a new one before selling the present property. Also known as a "swing loan."
An individual or company that facilitates loan origination by bringing borrowers and lenders together.
A fee or commission paid to a broker for their services.
The governing document that outlines the internal operations and procedures of the HOA. It includes information on membership, voting rights, board meetings, and other administrative matters.
The total amount required to be brought to the closing attorney's office on the closing day. It includes the down payment, fees, pre-paid taxes, homeowner's insurance, and any applicable homeowners association fees. Payment is typically made via wire transfer or a certified bank or cashier's check.
Refinancing a mortgage for more than the outstanding balance, converting home equity into cash. It can be used to pay off debt or invest in home improvements.
A document issued by the government certifying a Veteran's eligibility for a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) mortgage.
A document issued by the local government or building department that certifies a property's compliance with building codes and regulations, confirming that it is safe for occupancy.
A document issued by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) that establishes the maximum value and loan amount for a VA mortgage.
A certified statement verifying the ownership of land based on a thorough examination of the record title.
The chronological order of property ownership as documented in public records, providing a history of transfers and conveyances from one owner to the next.
A title that is free from defects, encumbrances, or claims, allowing for the unimpeded transfer of ownership.
The fees, charges, and expenses associated with the closing of a mortgage loan. These may include origination fees, appraisal fees, title insurance premiums, recording fees, and prepaid expenses like property taxes and homeowners insurance.
The date on which the mortgage loan transaction is finalized, and ownership of the property is transferred to the buyer.
A document that provides a detailed breakdown of the final terms and costs associated with a mortgage loan. It includes information about the loan amount, interest rate, closing costs, and any adjustments.
Any claim, encumbrance, or defect that raises doubts about the validity or marketability of a property's title, potentially impacting its ownership rights.
A person whose income and credit history are included on the loan application alongside the primary borrower. Co-applicants are often added when the primary borrower alone may not qualify for the mortgage.
A spouse whose income and credit history are included on the loan application in addition to the primary borrower.
A co-signer is an individual who agrees to take financial responsibility for a loan if the primary borrower defaults. The co-signer does not have ownership rights to the property associated with the loan.
Property or assets pledged by the borrower to secure the loan, providing the lender with a source of repayment in case of default.
The areas within the community that are owned collectively by the homeowners, such as parks, pools, playgrounds, or clubhouse facilities. These areas are typically maintained and managed by the HOA.
A type of residential community or development where homeowners own individual units or properties and share ownership and responsibility for common areas and amenities.
A recently sold property in the same area with similar characteristics to the home being considered for purchase. Appraisers use comparable sales to estimate the fair market value of the property.
Legally qualified and capable of entering into contracts.
Requirements or stipulations outlined in a title commitment that must be fulfilled before a title insurance policy can be issued. These may include the resolution of specific issues, the removal of certain liens or encumbrances, or the completion of necessary documentation.
The process of combining multiple existing mortgage loans into a single new loan. The borrower consolidates the outstanding balances of the existing loans into one new loan.
A legal agreement that allows a borrower to consolidate multiple existing mortgage loans into a single new loan, extend the maturity date of the loan, and modify the terms and conditions of the loan.
A conversion clause is a provision found in some adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs) that allows the borrower to convert the loan to a fixed-rate mortgage at a specified point, often at the end of the initial adjustment period.
The transfer of property title from one person to another.
A multi-unit development where owners have shares in a corporation (the building) rather than owning their units outright. Owners pay fees for maintenance and other expenses, and a governing board manages the building.
A legal entity created by statutes with the capacity to own property, conduct business, and enter into contracts within its granted powers.
A new deed executed to correct errors or omissions in a previously recorded deed. A corrective deed is used to clarify and confirm the intended transfer of ownership and rectify any discrepancies in the chain of title.
A legally binding promise or agreement that imposes certain obligations or restrictions on the property owner, often found in deeds or other recorded documents.
The rules and regulations that govern the use, appearance, and maintenance of properties within an HOA community. They often include guidelines on architectural standards, landscaping, parking, and behavior of residents.
A report prepared by a credit bureau detailing an individual's credit history, used by lenders to assess creditworthiness.
A numerical representation of an individual's credit risk based on credit usage history, with FICO® scores being commonly used by lenders.
A number reflecting an individual's financial history, ranging from 300 to 850, with higher scores indicating better creditworthiness.
Money provided by the lender to lower closing costs in exchange for a higher interest rate. Credits are the opposite of points.
A husband's life interest in his wife's real property upon her death, under common law, if they had children capable of inheriting the estate. See Dower for the wife's interest in the property of her deceased spouse.
The percentage of your gross monthly income that is allocated to debt payments.
A deceased individual.
A court judgment.
A legal document that transfers ownership of a property from one party (the grantor) to another (the grantee).
A legal document issued by the lender to acknowledge that the mortgage or deed of trust has been paid in full. The deed of reconveyance is recorded in the public records to remove the lender's interest in the property.
A document used in some states instead of a mortgage, where title to the property is conveyed to a trustee.
A restriction in a deed that limits the use, occupancy, or construction of improvements on the real estate.
The failure of the borrower to meet the obligations outlined in the promissory note, such as missing payments or breaching other terms of the agreement.
A title that has unresolved issues or defects, such as unresolved liens, boundary disputes, missing or incorrect documentation, or undisclosed heirs.
Unpaid property taxes that are past their due date. When property owners fail to pay their taxes on time, they become delinquent, and penalties and interest charges may be imposed.
Depreciation is the decline in the value of an asset over time due to factors such as wear and tear, obsolescence, or changes in market demand.
The precise location of a property indicated by lot, block, tract, metes and bounds, or U.S. Government survey (sectionalized) - also known as a legal property description.
The term "devise" is used in the context of estate planning and wills. It refers to the act of transferring or leaving real property, such as land, buildings, or real estate, to someone as specified in a will.
The individual who receives real property as a gift or bequest in a will.
The person who gives or bequeaths real property in a will.
The process of distributing funds from the lender to the appropriate parties involved in the closing, such as the seller, real estate agents, and service providers.
Under common law, the right of a widow to a life interest in one-third of her husband's land during their marriage. In some cases, the wife's dower right required her to sign a release before a deed sale could be finalized. Dower laws varied, so it's essential to check the specific statutes in place for the time and location.
The down payment refers to the initial upfront payment made by the buyer when acquiring a property. It is typically a percentage of the property's value and represents the borrower's equity in the property.
A bill of exchange or a written order from one person to another, directing payment to a third person. It differs from a cashier's check, as a draft is payable on demand against deposited funds.
A provision in a trust deed or mortgage that allows the lender to accelerate the loan's maturity at their option if the real property is sold or transferred to a third party. Also known as an alienation clause.
A power of attorney that remains in effect even if the principal becomes incapacitated or mentally incompetent. A durable power of attorney ensures that the agent can continue to act on behalf of the principal in case of their incapacity.
Also known as a good faith deposit, earnest money is a sum of money provided by the buyer to the seller when a sales contract is executed. This deposit serves as evidence of the buyer's sincere intention to proceed with the purchase of the property. The earnest money is typically held in an escrow account until the closing of the transaction. At closing, the earnest money is typically applied towards the down payment and closing costs.
A right held by a person to enjoy or make limited use of another person's real property.
A borrower's total annual income, including regular or guaranteed overtime. While salary is the primary source, other significant and stable income may also qualify.
Egress is the right to exit a property or the act of leaving a property. It is also related to access rights, ensuring that property owners have a legal means to leave their property.
When a structure extends from its designated real estate property and crosses over the boundary line onto the adjacent property.
Any claim, lien, or restriction that affects a property's title or use, such as mortgages, liens, easements, or deed restrictions.
A modification or addition to an insurance policy that adjusts the terms or coverage to meet specific needs or requirements of the HOA. Endorsements can expand or restrict coverage or add additional insured parties.
The process of ensuring compliance with the bylaws, including any rules, regulations, or standards established by the HOA. Enforcement may involve issuing violation notices, imposing fines, or taking legal action when necessary.
The portion of a property's value that is owned by the homeowner, calculated by subtracting any outstanding mortgage or liens from the property's market value.
The value of a person's interest in a property above the total amount of liens or charges; it represents the difference between the property's market value and the amount of outstanding liens against it.
A clause in a mortgage or deed of trust that allows for periodic increases in the interest rate or payment amount.
The process by which property reverts back to the state when there is no eligible heir or when the owner abandons the property. This was more commonly observed in the original 13 colonies.
A third-party account where funds are held and managed by a neutral party until certain conditions of the transaction are met. In the context of a mortgage or deed of trust, an escrow account may be used to collect and hold funds for property taxes, insurance premiums, or other expenses related to the property.
The extent and duration of an individual's interest in a piece of land. Different types of estates include Fee Simple, Fee Tail (Entail), and Life Estate, each with varying genealogical significance.
A document signed by a tenant in a property with a lease agreement, confirming the terms and conditions of the lease and stating that there are no undisclosed agreements or obligations.
Specific items or matters identified in a title commitment that are not covered by the title insurance policy. These can include existing liens, easements, restrictions, or other encumbrances that will remain on the property's title even after the policy is issued.
A deed executed by an executor or administrator of an estate to transfer property owned by a deceased person as part of the probate process.
The person or entity appointed by the testator in the will to carry out the instructions and administer the estate. The executor/ executrix is responsible for managing the distribution of assets, paying debts and taxes, and handling other administrative tasks.
The act of extending the maturity date of the loan. The borrower and the lender agree to a new loan term that is longer than the remaining term of the existing loans.
A mortgage insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), also known as a government mortgage.
FICO® is an abbreviation for Fair Isaac Corporation, the creator of the FICO® score. This score is used by lenders to assess a borrower's credit risk when extending a loan.
A name used for business purposes that differs from the true name of the business owner.
A person who holds a special relationship of trust, confidence, and responsibility to others, such as a trustee or agent.
A penalty imposed by the HOA on homeowners for violations of the CC&Rs or community rules. Fines are typically outlined in the association's governing documents and can be enforced through a formal process.
A type of mortgage loan in which the interest rate remains fixed for the entire term of the loan. Monthly payments remain the same throughout the loan term, providing stability and predictability for borrowers.
The process of determining whether a property is located in a flood zone. A flood certification is typically obtained from a third-party company that specializes in flood zone determinations.
Insurance coverage that protects property owners against damages resulting from flooding. Flood insurance is typically required for properties located in high-risk flood zones, as designated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
The legal process by which a lender seeks to regain ownership of a property due to the borrower's default on the loan. In a foreclosure, the property may be sold to satisfy the outstanding debt and recover the lender's investment.
Fraudulently executed or counterfeited.
The act of fraudulently signing another person's name on a legal instrument, such as a deed, mortgage, or check.
Deception intentionally carried out to achieve an unfair or unlawful advantage.
Involving deceit or fraud in obtaining or performing an action.
A power of attorney that grants broad authority to the agent to handle a wide range of legal and financial matters on behalf of the principal. A general power of attorney is typically effective immediately upon execution and remains in effect until revoked by the principal.
Another term for a warranty deed, which provides the greatest level of protection for the grantee by warranting against any title defects or encumbrances, both during the grantor's ownership and prior to it.
The collection of legal documents that establish and define the HOA, including the CC&Rs, bylaws, articles of incorporation, and any amendments or rules adopted by the association.
The transfer of real estate from one individual to another through a deed or from a sovereign through a patent or royal decree.
A grant deed is a type of deed used to transfer real property from one party to another. It includes warranties that the property title is clear of any encumbrances or prior conveyances.
The person or entity who receives ownership of the property as specified in the deed.
The person or entity who transfers ownership of the property by executing and signing the deed.
A public record index that lists the names of property owners (grantors) and recipients of the property (grantees) for easy reference in researching property ownership history.
A lease that covers only the land and not any improvements, which will be installed by the lessee.
A fixed-rate mortgage with scheduled payment increases over a specific period. The increased payments directly reduce the remaining mortgage balance.
A guaranteed mortgage is a loan that is backed or guaranteed by a third party, such as a government agency.
An agreement providing assurance or a guarantee of a state of facts or the performance of an obligation.
A person legally responsible for the care and management of someone who is legally incapable of managing their own affairs.
Insurance that protects the homeowner and lender against damage to the property caused by specific hazards, such as fire, theft, or natural disasters.
A person entitled to inherit real estate by provisions of law or under a will.
Home equity is the difference between the current market value of a home and the outstanding mortgage balance. It represents the homeowner's ownership interest in the property.
An examination of a home's physical condition conducted before finalizing the purchase to uncover potential issues.
An organization overseeing and enforcing rules, regulations, and community maintenance for a development. HOA fees may be collected regularly.
Insurance protecting against loss or damage to a home due to burglary, fire, or natural disasters. Lenders usually require proof of insurance before closing.
(1) A homestead can refer to a person's primary residence, which may have legal protections in some jurisdictions to prevent forced sale under certain circumstances. (2) Historically, land claimed by settlers under the national Homestead Act.
The percentage of gross monthly income allocated for housing expenses.
A document itemizing funds payable at closing, including real estate commissions, loan fees, and initial escrow amounts.
A loan combining fixed and adjustable rates. For example, a 3/1 ARM has a fixed rate for the first three years before adjusting based on then-current rates for the remaining period. Suitable for those expecting to move or refinance before the adjustment.
Insurance protecting against potential loss or damage. A title insurance policy is a form of indemnity contract.
A contract signed by an owner, builder, or contractor to protect a third party, typically the lender, by compensating for any potential losses or damages. The agreement is made to persuade the title company to assume an extended risk for the benefit of the third party. "Indemnity" refers to exemption from loss or damage.
A deed or real estate contract executed between two or more parties. Another term for "contract" or "agreement."
A benchmark interest rate used to determine changes in the variable interest rate. Common indexes used in adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs) include the Constant Maturity Treasury (CMT), the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), or the Prime Rate.
Ingress refers to the right to enter a property or the act of entering a property. It is often associated with access to a parcel of land.
The interest rate set at the beginning of the loan term, which remains fixed for an initial period (e.g., 3 years, 5 years, etc.) in the case of a VA loan with a variable rate.
Regular, periodic payments made by the borrower to the lender, usually on a monthly basis, as specified in the promissory note.
A written document used to establish rights or interests in real estate.
The legal and financial interest that a policyholder must have in the insured property or person in order to obtain insurance coverage. Insurable interest ensures that the policyholder has a legitimate stake in protecting against potential losses.
The cost of borrowing money, typically calculated as a percentage of the loan amount and charged to the borrower over the loan term.
The annual percentage rate (APR) charged by the lender on the mortgage loan. It represents the cost of borrowing and is expressed as a percentage of the loan amount.
A limit placed on how much the interest rate can increase or decrease during each adjustment period or over the life of the loan. Common interest rate caps include periodic caps (e.g., 2% per adjustment period) and lifetime caps (e.g., 5% over the life of the loan).
A deed used to transfer property between spouses, often used in divorce or estate planning situations.
Real estate acquired with the sole intention of generating a profit. Unlike primary residences or secondary homes, investment properties are not typically for personal use. They are often rented out or sold to yield a return on investment, with higher interest rates and down payment requirements compared to other property types.
Joint tenants are two or more individuals who co-own real estate with equal rights to use and possess the property during their lifetimes. When a joint tenant passes away, their share automatically transfers to the surviving joint tenants until the last survivor holds full title. Joint tenants cannot independently sell, transfer, or encumber their individual interests in the property without the consent of all other joint tenants.
A business undertaking where two or more persons collaborate in a single enterprise for profit. It shares characteristics of a partnership but pertains to a specific venture.
A decision by a court of law, usually awarding monetary payment or relief to one party in a lawsuit.
An investigation into public records to determine if there are any outstanding judgments or liens against the property or its owner, which could impact the property's title.
Relating to courts of law or the administration of justice.
A home loan exceeding the maximum limit set by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). Jumbo loans lack Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac guarantees and depend on the area's conforming loan limit.
A mortgage or lien that has a lower priority compared to another mortgage or lien. The junior lien holder has a lower priority in receiving proceeds from the sale of the property or in the event of foreclosure.
A mortgage with a lower lien priority than a first mortgage.
(1) The authority of courts to interpret and apply the law. (2) The legal control over individuals and property. (3) A geographical area where a court has the power to act.
A primary occupant in an office building or shopping center typically leases a substantial portion of the available space.
A provision in a sales contract permits the seller to acknowledge a contingent offer from one buyer and withdraw without incurring penalties if a second buyer presents a more favorable offer.
Compensation provided to an individual for referring a customer or business is known as a kickback. Generally, kickbacks are deemed illegal as they differ from commissions, being made without the customer's awareness.
A fee or penalty imposed by a lender or creditor when a payment is not made by the due date or within a specified grace period.
A fee or charge imposed by the lender when the borrower fails to make the scheduled payment on time.
A contractual agreement between a landlord (lessor) and a tenant (lessee) that grants the lessee the right to use and occupy a property for a specified period of time in exchange for rent.
A lease-purchase mortgage loan is a financing arrangement where a buyer leases a property from the seller with the option to purchase it at a later date. During the lease period, a portion of the lease payments may be applied towards the eventual purchase price. This type of arrangement allows the buyer to occupy the property while testing it as a potential home before committing to the purchase. It also gives the buyer time to save for a down payment or improve creditworthiness if needed.
An inheritance or bequest left by a deceased person to a beneficiary through a will or legal document.
A detailed and precise description of a property's location, boundaries, and dimensions, typically used in legal documents and land records.
A type of title insurance policy purchased by the lender that protects their interest in the property as the mortgage holder. The lender's policy is typically required when obtaining a mortgage loan and provides coverage for the loan amount.
A legal claim or encumbrance on a property that serves as security for the repayment of a debt. In a mortgage or deed of trust, the lender holds a lien on the property until the loan is fully repaid.
The order in which different mortgages, liens, or encumbrances are ranked in terms of priority. The priority determines the rights and entitlements of each lien holder in case of foreclosure or sale of the property.
The process of obtaining a legal document or satisfaction of a lien holder, indicating that the lien on the property has been released or satisfied.
A search conducted to identify any outstanding liens or claims against a property, such as unpaid taxes, mortgages, mechanics' liens, or homeowners' association (HOA) liens.
A type of ownership interest in a property that lasts for the lifetime of a specified person, known as the life tenant.
A limit or cap on the amount by which the interest rate on an adjustable-rate mortgage can increase over the life of the loan.
A limit or cap on the amount by which a borrower's monthly mortgage payment can increase over the life of the loan.
A type of deed in which the seller guarantees that they have clear title to the property and will defend against any claims arising during their ownership, but with limited warranties compared to a general warranty deed.
A legal document that grants specific powers or authority to an individual (the attorney-in-fact) to act on behalf of another person (the principal) in specific legal and financial matters.
A flexible form of borrowing that allows a borrower to access funds up to a predetermined credit limit, typically used for short-term financing needs.
An asset that can be easily converted into cash without significant loss in value or time delay, such as cash, stocks, or certain types of investments.
A notice filed in public records to indicate that there is a pending lawsuit or legal action affecting the title or ownership of a property. Lis pendens serves as a warning to potential buyers or interested parties that there is a legal dispute related to the property.
The loan amount refers to the total sum of money borrowed by the borrower from the lender. It represents the initial principal balance of the loan and does not include interest or other charges.
A document provided to the borrower by the lender within three business days of the loan application. It outlines the estimated loan terms, projected closing costs, and other key details about the mortgage.
A type of title insurance policy that protects the lender's interest in a property against financial losses resulting from defects or issues with the property's title.
An individual who works for a lender or mortgage company and is responsible for collecting, organizing, and verifying the documentation and information required for loan approval and closing.
The period of time specified in a loan agreement during which the borrower is obligated to make payments and repay the loan, typically expressed in months or years.
The ratio of the loan amount to the appraised value or purchase price of the property. LTV is used by lenders to assess the risk associated with the loan. A higher LTV ratio indicates a higher loan amount relative to the property value.
The act of securing or fixing an interest rate, points, or other loan terms for a specified period to protect the borrower from potential rate fluctuations before closing.
The duration during which the terms of a loan, such as the interest rate and points, are locked and guaranteed by the lender, typically prior to loan closing.
Insurance coverage that protects a homeowner in a condominium or cooperative community against certain types of financial assessments or liabilities imposed by the homeowners' association.
The process of dividing a larger parcel of land into smaller individual lots or parcels, typically for development or sale purposes.
In real estate, a lot is a piece of land, usually a parcel within a subdivision, that is identified by a lot number and can be bought, sold, or developed independently.
The borrower who issues the promissory note and promises to repay the loan.
The margin is a fixed percentage added to the index rate in an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) to determine the fully indexed interest rate. The margin remains constant throughout the loan term and is established by the lender. The fully indexed interest rate is the rate the borrower pays once the initial fixed-rate period (if any) ends and the ARM begins to adjust periodically based on changes in the index.
The estimated worth or price at which a property, asset, or security would be sold in the open market, based on current market conditions and comparable sales.
A title that is free from significant defects or encumbrances, allowing for its transfer without reasonable doubt or risk of legal challenge.
An insurance policy that provides coverage for multiple properties, individuals, or entities under a single contract or agreement.
The date on which the loan is due to be fully repaid, as specified in the promissory note.
The individuals or entities that own property within the HOA community and are subject to the authority of the association as outlined in the bylaws.
Metes and bounds is a method of describing land by specifying its boundary lines and the distances between corner points, using compass directions and distances.
The process of making changes to the terms and conditions of the loan. This can include modifying the interest rate, adjusting the repayment schedule, changing the payment amounts, or altering other loan terms to better suit the borrower's needs.
The amount of money that the borrower is required to pay each month to repay the mortgage loan, including principal and interest. It may also include escrow payments for property taxes and insurance.
A financial institution or company that originates, funds, and services mortgage loans using its own funds or by acting as an intermediary between borrowers and investors.
An individual or company that acts as an intermediary between borrowers and lenders, assisting borrowers in finding and securing mortgage loans from various lenders.
Insurance coverage that protects the lender in case of borrower default on a mortgage loan. Mortgage insurance is typically required for loans with a higher loan-to-value (LTV) ratio or a smaller down payment.
A type of life insurance that pays off the mortgage balance in the event of the borrower's death, ensuring that the property is owned outright by the surviving family members.
A mortgage or deed of trust is a legal agreement where a borrower (known as the mortgagor) pledges a property as collateral to a lender (known as the mortgagee) to secure a loan. The mortgage or deed of trust provides the lender with the right to foreclose on the property in case of loan default.
The lender or financial institution that provides the mortgage loan to the borrower.
A provision in a mortgage or deed of trust that identifies the lender and states the conditions under which the lender may exercise its rights in the event of default.
The borrower who pledges the property as collateral and assumes the obligation to repay the mortgage loan.
A service provided by real estate associations or organizations that enables real estate agents to share and access information about properties listed for sale.
It is an organization that represents and supports county recorders and clerks across the United States, promoting best practices and providing resources for efficient and effective land records management and recording services.
A situation in which the principal balance of a loan increases over time rather than decreases, typically due to payments that are insufficient to cover the interest charges.
A written document, such as a check or promissory note that promises the payment of a specific amount of money and can be transferred to another party as a form of payment or as a financial instrument.
The value of an individual's or entity's assets minus its liabilities, representing their overall financial worth or equity.
An asset that cannot be easily converted into cash without significant time, effort, or loss in value, such as real estate, vehicles, or collectibles.
A mortgage loan that does not meet the guidelines and criteria set by government-sponsored enterprises or conforming loan programs, typically due to higher loan amounts, credit risks, or unique property characteristics.
The process of officially verifying the authenticity of signatures on legal documents by a notary public.
An official appointed by the government who can administer oaths, witness and authenticate signatures, and certify the authenticity of documents.
A legal document that outlines the terms, conditions, and obligations of a debt, including the repayment terms, interest rate, and payment schedule.
A formal notification sent by a lender to a borrower, indicating that the borrower has failed to fulfill their contractual obligations, such as making timely payments on a loan, and warning of potential legal consequences.
A legal or moral duty to fulfill a commitment or responsibility, typically referring to financial or contractual obligations.
The date on which a property is expected to be ready for occupancy or when the buyer or tenant can legally move into the property.
A fee charged by a lender to cover the administrative costs and services associated with processing and originating a loan.
A share of the revenue or profits from the extraction and production of natural resources, typically granted to someone who does not own the land but has a royalty interest.
A financing arrangement in which the seller of a property provides financing to the buyer, often serving as the lender instead of a traditional financial institution.
The act of owning and occupying a property as one's primary residence, rather than renting or using it for investment or business purposes.
A type of title insurance policy that protects the property owner against financial losses resulting from defects or issues with the property's title.
The process of confirming or verifying the legal ownership and title of a property through various means, such as title searches, records, and documentation.
An abbreviation used in title terminology to refer to the "Property in Question."
A specific piece or portion of land that is distinct and identifiable, often used for property ownership and legal descriptions.
The division or separation of jointly owned property among co-owners, typically through a legal process or agreement.
A business structure where two or more individuals or entities join together and share the profits, losses, and responsibilities of the business.
A shared wall or structure between two adjoining properties, owned by different individuals or entities.
The lender or entity to whom the borrower owes repayment of the loan.
In some cases, a VA loan with a variable rate may include a payment cap that limits how much the monthly payment can increase during each adjustment period. This cap helps borrowers manage potential payment increases resulting from interest rate changes.
The specific date when the payment amount on a variable-rate mortgage loan can change. This date is determined by the terms of the loan and typically occurs after an initial fixed-rate period.
The interval at which mortgage payments are made. It is usually monthly but can vary depending on the terms of the loan.
The total amount required to fully satisfy the outstanding balance of a loan, including the principal amount, accrued interest, and any applicable fees or charges.
A limit on how much the monthly payment can increase or decrease during each adjustment period on a variable-rate loan. This cap helps protect borrowers from significant payment shocks when interest rates change.
A limit on how much the interest rate can increase or decrease during each adjustment period on a variable-rate loan. This cap helps protect borrowers from large rate fluctuations.
A guarantee provided by a third party, such as a co-signer or guarantor, who promises to repay the loan if the borrower fails to do so.
PITI reserves refer to the amount of funds a borrower must have available after closing a loan to cover future mortgage payments, property taxes, homeowner's insurance, and possibly private mortgage insurance (PMI). Lenders often require borrowers to demonstrate that they have sufficient reserves to ensure they can meet their financial obligations after obtaining the loan.
The party who initiates a legal action or lawsuit against another party, seeking a legal remedy or resolution.
A type of real estate development that includes a mix of residential and non-residential properties, often with shared amenities and common areas.
A detailed map or survey drawing that illustrates the division and layout of a piece of land into individual lots or parcels.
Fees paid by a borrower to a lender at closing in exchange for a lower interest rate on a mortgage loan.
A written contract or document that outlines the terms, conditions, and coverage of an insurance agreement.
A legal document that grants someone the authority to act on behalf of another person in specific legal or financial matters. It may be used if one of the parties involved in the transaction cannot be present at the closing.
A preliminary evaluation conducted by a lender to assess a borrower's creditworthiness and determine the maximum loan amount they are qualified to borrow.
A written statement from a lender indicating that a borrower has been pre-approved for a mortgage loan up to a specific amount, based on the lender's evaluation of the borrower's financial information.
An initial assessment of a borrower's financial situation to estimate the maximum loan amount they may qualify for. Pre-qualification is a preliminary step and is not a guarantee of loan approval.
A document prepared by a title company or attorney that provides an initial analysis of the title history and current condition of a property, including any potential issues or defects.
Upfront expenses paid by a borrower at the time of closing a loan, such as prepaid interest, insurance premiums, or property taxes.
The interest paid in advance by a borrower at closing, covering the period between the loan funding and the start of the regular payment schedule.
The act of paying off a loan or making additional payments on the principal balance before the scheduled due date or maturity.
A right to use or access another person's property, acquired through continuous and uninterrupted use without permission, similar to adverse possession.
The main and permanent dwelling place of an individual or family, typically where they reside most of the time.
The interest rate that commercial banks charge their most creditworthy customers for loans, often serving as a benchmark for other interest rates in the market.
The legal principle or custom that gives the firstborn child the right to inherit the entire estate of their parents.
The original amount of money borrowed in a loan, excluding interest and other charges.
The outstanding amount of the loan principal that remains to be repaid, excluding any interest or fees.
The order in which claims or liens are ranked or prioritized, often determining the order in which they are paid or resolved.
Private mortgage insurance (PMI) is insurance coverage required by lenders when the borrower makes a down payment of less than 20% of the property's value. PMI protects the lender in case of default by the borrower and allows borrowers with smaller down payments to qualify for a mortgage.
The legal process by which a deceased person's will is validated, and their assets are distributed according to their wishes or applicable laws.
A boundary determination process in which landowners walk along the boundaries of their properties to establish or confirm the boundary lines.
A written promise to repay a loan, including details such as the loan amount, interest rate, repayment terms, and any other conditions. It establishes the borrower's obligation to repay the borrowed funds.
The legal owner or holder of property, assets, or rights.
Property taxes that are divided and allocated between the buyer and the seller based on the portion of the tax year during which each party owns the property.
Official records maintained by government entities that contain information regarding property ownership, liens, encumbrances, and other relevant details. Public records are typically accessible at the county or municipal level.
A legally binding agreement between a buyer and seller that outlines the terms and conditions of a property purchase, including the purchase price, contingencies, and closing date.
A mortgage loan used to finance the purchase of a property, with the property itself serving as collateral for the loan.
Financial ratios used by lenders to assess a borrower's ability to repay a loan, typically comparing the borrower's income and debts.
A legal action filed to establish ownership of real property or to remove any potential issues or uncertainties on the property's title. This lawsuit identifies all parties with any interest in the land and aims to clarify and confirm the rightful owner of the property.
A legal proceeding initiated to establish clear ownership of a property when there are conflicting claims, clouded title, or disputes.
A type of deed that transfers whatever interest the grantor has in the property without making any warranties or guarantees about the title.
An archaic term referring to a small periodic payment or rent typically associated with the ownership of certain types of property, particularly land.
Quorum refers to the minimum number of members required to be present at a meeting in order to conduct official business. It ensures that decisions made during the meeting have the necessary support and representation.
The amount or percentage applied to a base value to determine a fee, cost, interest, or payment.
A written notification provided by a lender or financial institution to inform borrowers of a change in interest rates or terms of a loan.
A guarantee provided by a lender to a borrower, ensuring a specific interest rate will be maintained for a specified period during the loan application and processing period.
A document or table that outlines the various rates or charges applicable to specific services or goods.
Property consisting of land, buildings, natural resources, and improvements on the land, such as houses or commercial structures.
A licensed professional who represents buyers or sellers in real estate transactions, helping them navigate the process and negotiate deals.
A federal law in the United States that sets guidelines for real estate transactions involving federally related mortgage loans, aiming to protect consumers and ensure transparency.
Land, including the physical elements attached to it, such as buildings, trees, and minerals, as well as the rights and interests associated with the land.
A real estate professional who is a member of the National Association of Realtors (NAR) and adheres to a strict code of ethics.
The act of officially documenting a real estate transaction or legal instrument in the public records of the county or jurisdiction where the property is located. Recording provides public notice of the transaction and establishes the priority of claims against the property.
The process by which a borrower pays off or satisfies a debt or lien, such as redeeming a mortgage or tax lien on a property.
The process of replacing an existing loan with a new loan, typically to obtain better terms, lower interest rates, or adjust the repayment structure.
A document or legal instrument that removes or relinquishes a claim, lien, or encumbrance on a property or asset.
A document issued by the lienholder, typically after the debt is paid off, indicating that the lien is released and no longer encumbers the property. A release of lien is recorded in public records to clear the cloud on title.
The payment made by a tenant to a landlord in exchange for the use and occupancy of a property.
The specific conditions and schedule for paying back a loan, including the amount, frequency, and duration of payments.
The legal right to cancel or terminate a contract, typically within a specified period, without penalty or loss.
A conditional agreement or arrangement to secure or hold a property, such as reserving a hotel room or booking a table at a restaurant.
A portion of the HOA's budget set aside for future major repairs, replacements, or renovations of common elements, such as roofs, roads, or clubhouse facilities. The reserve fund helps ensure that there are sufficient funds available when these expenses arise.
The act of terminating or cancelling a power of attorney by the principal. A revocation can be done at any time as long as the principal has the mental capacity to do so.
A type of credit arrangement, such as a credit card, where the borrower has a set credit limit and can borrow, repay, and borrow again within that limit.
An additional document or addendum that modifies or supplements the terms of an existing contract. In the context of mortgages or deeds of trust, riders can address specific provisions or conditions related to the loan or property.
A legal entitlement, privilege, or claim that an individual or entity possesses, such as the right to use, access, or control property.
A legal easement or privilege granting someone the right to pass over or use another person's property, typically for transportation or utility purposes.
A legally binding contract between a buyer and seller outlining the terms and conditions of a sale transaction.
A document issued by the lender to acknowledge that the mortgage debt has been fully paid and the lien on the property is released. The satisfaction of mortgage is recorded in public records to clear the property's title.
The section of a title commitment that provides basic information about the property being insured, including the legal description, ownership details, and the proposed insured parties.
The section of a title commitment that lists the requirements or conditions that must be met before the title insurance policy can be issued. These may include the resolution of outstanding liens, the clearance of specific title issues, or the satisfaction of certain documentation requirements.
The section of a title commitment that identifies the exceptions to coverage, listing any encumbrances, restrictions, or defects that will not be covered by the title insurance policy. These exceptions serve as notice to the buyer or lender of potential issues associated with the property's title.
A formal mark or emblem used to authenticate a document, indicating its official nature and the agreement of the parties involved.
A loan secured by the same property that already has an existing mortgage, usually subordinate to the first mortgage in terms of priority.
A property owned by an individual in addition to their primary residence, typically used for vacation or investment purposes.
An asset or collateral provided to a lender to secure a loan, ensuring that the lender has a means to recover their funds if the borrower defaults on the loan.
A financing arrangement in which the seller of a property provides financing to the buyer instead of a traditional lender.
A mortgage or lien that has a higher priority compared to another mortgage or lien. The senior lien holder has priority in receiving proceeds from the sale of the property or in the event of foreclosure.
A document that provides a summary of the financial transactions that occurred during the closing of a mortgage loan, including the total amount of funds disbursed and received.
A deed or sale of a property conducted by a court-appointed sheriff to satisfy a judgment or foreclosure.
A real estate transaction in which the proceeds from the sale fall short of the outstanding balance on the mortgage, requiring lender approval for the sale to proceed.
An additional fee or charge levied by the HOA to cover unexpected expenses or capital improvements that are not covered by regular assessments. Special assessments are typically approved by the board of directors and may require a vote by the homeowners.
A type of deed that warrants that the grantor has not done anything to encumber the property during their ownership, but it does not guarantee against any defects that existed prior to their ownership.
The method used to determine the monthly mortgage payment, typically based on the loan amount, interest rate, and loan term.
A type of mortgage loan with an interest rate that adjusts or "steps up" at predetermined intervals over the loan term.
The process of dividing a large tract of land into smaller individual lots or parcels for development or sale.
The act of voluntarily granting a lower priority or position to an existing mortgage or deed of trust in favor of another mortgage or lien. By subordinating, the original mortgage or deed of trust becomes secondary to the new mortgage or lien in terms of priority.
A legal document that formalizes the subordination of a mortgage or deed of trust. It establishes the new priority of the mortgage or deed of trust in relation to other liens or encumbrances on the property.
A type of deed used in joint tenancy or tenancy by the entirety, where the surviving co-owner automatically assumes full ownership upon the death of the other co-owner.
A special status granted to certain properties or property owners that exempts them from paying all or a portion of their property taxes. Tax exemptions are often provided for properties used for charitable, religious, or government purposes.
A legal claim placed on a property by a taxing authority when the property owner fails to pay their property taxes. A tax lien gives the government the right to seize and sell the property to recover the unpaid taxes.
The length of time specified in the mortgage agreement during which the borrower is required to repay the loan. Common mortgage terms include 15 years, 30 years, or other agreed-upon periods.
The person who creates and signs a will. A testator is typically male, while a testatrix is typically female.
A sworn statement or document that provides factual information regarding the property's title, ownership, and any known issues or defects. A title affidavit may be required during the title curative process to address specific concerns or provide additional documentation.
A licensed professional or company authorized to issue title insurance policies and facilitate real estate transactions by conducting title searches, examinations, and closings.
A document issued by a title examiner or attorney certifying the status of a property's title based on a thorough examination of public records.
The process of resolving any title defects or issues identified during the title examination to ensure that the property has a clear and marketable title.
The process of resolving any defects, issues, or clouds on the title discovered during the title examination to establish a clear and marketable title.
Any flaw, error, or problem with a property's title that may affect its marketability or create uncertainty about ownership rights.
The process of reviewing public records to verify the ownership history of a property and assess the status of its title.
A professional who examines public records, conducts research, and prepares a title report or abstract of title summarizing the property's ownership history and any associated issues.
Conditions, restrictions, or encumbrances found during the title examination that are listed as exceptions to the coverage in a title insurance policy.
Title fees refer to the costs associated with conducting a title search, issuing title insurance, and performing other services related to verifying and insuring the ownership of a property during a real estate transaction.
A system of assigning points or scores to various errors or issues found in title records during the examination process. The higher the number of points, the more significant or severe the error is considered.
A document issued by a title insurance company outlining the terms and conditions under which it will issue a title insurance policy upon the completion of the transaction.
A contract issued by a title insurance company that provides coverage for potential losses resulting from defects, liens, or other issues affecting the property's title. The policy specifies the covered risks, the insured parties, and the coverage limits.
A professional assessment and legal analysis of a property's title, providing an opinion on its validity, marketability, and any issues or risks associated with it.
A detailed document prepared after a thorough examination of public records, providing information about the property's ownership history, liens, encumbrances, and other relevant details.
The act of resolving any outstanding issues, defects, or discrepancies in the title. Title resolution involves taking appropriate legal actions, negotiating with interested parties, obtaining required documents or releases, or otherwise addressing the specific circumstances to establish a clear and marketable title.
The process of investigating public records to gather information about a property's ownership history, liens, encumbrances, and other relevant details.
Established guidelines or criteria used by title professionals and underwriters to determine the acceptability and insurability of a property's title.
The process of verifying the accuracy and validity of a property's title through comprehensive examination of public records, ensuring that the title is clear and marketable.
The legal manner in which ownership of a property is held. Common forms of title vesting include sole ownership, joint tenancy, tenancy in common, and community property. The specific form of title vesting affects the rights and ownership interests of the property owners.
The total amount of interest that will be paid over the life of the loan, based on the loan terms and payment schedule.
In the context of land surveying and property descriptions, a township is a square area of land typically measuring six miles by six miles, encompassing 36 square miles. It is a common unit of land division used in the Public Land Survey System (PLSS) in the United States.
A tract refers to a specific parcel or portion of land that is distinct and identifiable. It is often used to describe a piece of land that has been divided or separated from a larger property for specific purposes, such as development or sale.
A trust is a legal arrangement where a person or entity (the trustor) transfers assets or property to another party (the trustee) to hold and manage on behalf of a designated beneficiary or beneficiaries. Trusts are often used for estate planning, asset protection, and providing for the distribution of assets after death.
A trustee is an individual or entity appointed or designated to manage and administer a trust on behalf of the beneficiaries. They are responsible for carrying out the terms and provisions of the trust and making decisions in the best interest of the beneficiaries.
A trustee's deed is a legal document that transfers ownership of real property from a trust to a new owner. It is typically executed by the trustee, who has the authority to convey the property according to the terms of the trust.
A trustor is the person or entity that creates a trust by transferring assets or property into the trust. They establish the terms and conditions of the trust and designate the trustee and beneficiaries.
Truth-in-Lending refers to a federal law that requires lenders to provide accurate and transparent information about the terms, costs, and conditions of credit or loan agreements to borrowers. The law aims to protect consumers by ensuring they have clear and accurate information about the credit they are obtaining.
A Two-Step Mortgage is a type of Adjustable-Rate Mortgage (ARM) loan that has an initial fixed interest rate for a specific period, typically 5 or 7 years, followed by an adjustable rate for the remaining loan term. It offers borrowers a fixed rate during the initial period and then adjusts based on market conditions and a predetermined index.
Underwriting is the process of assessing and evaluating the risk associated with a loan application to determine its approval or denial.
Undivided interest refers to ownership where multiple individuals have an equal and undivided share in a property without dividing it into specific portions.
In real estate, a unit refers to an individual dwelling or apartment within a larger residential or commercial property, often used to describe a separate and self-contained living space.
A USDA loan is a mortgage program offered by the United States Department of Agriculture to assist low-to-moderate-income borrowers in purchasing homes in eligible rural or suburban areas, featuring favorable terms such as no down payment requirement and competitive interest rates.
A mortgage loan program offered by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) that is designed to help eligible veterans, active-duty service members, and surviving spouses obtain financing for a home.
Also known as an adjustable rate, it refers to an interest rate that can change over time. In the context of a VA loan, the interest rate may be initially fixed for a certain period, then adjust periodically based on a specific index and margin.
Venue refers to the physical location or jurisdiction where a legal proceeding or event takes place. It can be a specific courtroom or a geographic area where a case is heard or a contract is executed. The choice of venue can have legal implications, such as determining the applicable laws or the convenience of the parties involved.
Process used by lenders, employers, or other authorized parties to confirm the accuracy of an individual's employment information. It is often required during the loan application process, rental application, or other situations where the person's income and employment status are crucial factors.
A written notice issued by the HOA to homeowners for non-compliance with the CC&Rs or community rules. The notice outlines the specific violation, any associated fines or penalties, and the corrective actions required.
A voluntary lien is a legal claim or encumbrance on a property that is willingly created by the property owner. It usually arises from a voluntary agreement, such as a mortgage or a loan, where the property serves as collateral to secure the debt.
The rights of members to participate in HOA decision-making processes, such as electing board members, approving budgets, and voting on important matters during membership meetings. Voting rights may be based on factors such as property ownership, assessments paid, or other criteria specified in the bylaws.
A voluntary relinquishment or surrender of a known right or claim. A waiver is often documented in writing and signed by the party giving up the right.
A type of deed that guarantees the grantor's ownership and promises that the property is free from undisclosed liens or encumbrances.
A legal document that expresses an individual's wishes regarding the distribution of their property and assets after their death. A will also often designates guardianship for minor children and may include other provisions, such as funeral arrangements.
A Wire Transfer is an electronic method of transferring funds between bank accounts. It enables quick and secure transactions domestically or internationally.
A person who observes the testator signing the will and attests to its validity by also signing as a witness. Witnesses provide evidence that the testator signed the will willingly and with the necessary mental capacity.
A writ of execution is a legal order issued by a court that empowers the enforcement of a judgment. It allows the creditor to seize or sell property owned by the debtor to satisfy a debt or judgment awarded by the court. The execution process varies by jurisdiction but typically involves the sale of the debtor's assets to recover the owed amount.
The return on investment income is typically expressed annually as a percentage, calculated based on the investments cost, current market value, or face value. For instance, rental yield specifically denotes the rental returns concerning the investment cost or the current market value of the property.
Relinquishing possession, particularly by the tenant at the conclusion of a lease, involves surrendering control and vacating the premises.
It refers to a type of loan that does not require the borrower to pay any upfront fees or points.
The division of land into different zones or districts according to specific regulations and guidelines set by local government authorities. Zoning regulates land use, building density, and other aspects of urban planning.
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